ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea)
https://www.revistaespacios.com Pag. 99
Vol. 46 (01) 2025 • Ene-Feb • Art. 8!
Recibido/Received: 08/12/2024 • Aprobado/Approved: 05/01/2025 • Publicado/Published: 31/01/2025
DOI: 10.48082/espacios-a25v46n01p08
Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de
estudiantes de Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador
Linguistic competencies in the written communication of students of Higher Basic Education
in Ecuador
MOREIRA, María F
1
.
MONTERO, Y.
2
Resumen
El artículo aborda la problemática de las deficiencias en las competencias lingüísticas en estudiantes de
Octavo Grado de Educación Básica Superior en la entidad educativa Veinticuatro de Mayo, cantón Santo
Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador, en el año lectivo 2024 - 2025. Se identificaron fortalezas y
debilidades en áreas clave como ortografía, puntuación, gramática, vocabulario, coherencia, cohesión y
producción escrita. A partir de este diagnóstico, se propusieron estrategias didácticas innovadoras para
mejorar el desempeño de los estudiantes en dichas áreas. Se diseñaron estrategias didácticas
innovadoras que incorporan el uso de tecnologías digitales, aprendizaje colaborativo y actividades
centradas en la redacción de textos, y validar la efectividad de estas estrategias a través de su aplicación
y retroalimentación en un grupo experimental. La metodología utilizada fue cuantitativa, con un
enfoque experimental basado en el subdiseño preexperimental. Los resultados revelaron áreas críticas
de mejora. En particular, la destreza de Ortografía y Puntuación mostró ser la más deficiente, con un
60% de los estudiantes no alcanzando los estándares básicos, mientras que Gramática y Vocabulario
también presentó problemas significativos en el 43.33% de los estudiantes. Las estrategias
implementadas fueron clave para mejorar las competencias lingüísticas, especialmente en ortografía y
gramática, evidenciando una mejora notable en el desempeño de los estudiantes en estas áreas.
Palabras clave: competencias lingüísticas, comunicación escrita, estrategias didácticas, ortografía y
puntuación, tecnologías digitales
Abstract
The article titled "Linguistic Competencies in Written Communication of Upper Basic Education Students
in Ecuador" addresses the issue of deficiencies in linguistic competencies in students from the
educational institution Veinticuatro de Mayo, in Ecuador. The main objective of the study was to analyze
the linguistic competencies in written communication of the 8th-grade Upper Basic Education (EBS)
students, identifying their strengths and weaknesses in key areas such as spelling, punctuation,
grammar, vocabulary, coherence, cohesion, and written production. Based on this diagnosis, innovative
teaching strategies were proposed to improve student performance in these areas.
The specific objectives included diagnosing the difficulties and achievements in each of the evaluated
dimensions, designing innovative didactic strategies that incorporated the use of digital technologies,
1
Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Ecuador.
2
Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Ecuador. ymonteror@unemi.edu.ec
ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 100
collaborative learning, and text writing activities, and validating the effectiveness of these strategies
through their application and feedback in an experimental group.
The methodology used was quantitative, with an experimental approach. Pre-implementation
diagnostics were conducted, and the results revealed critical areas of improvement. In particular,
Spelling and Punctuation was found to be the most deficient area, with 60% of students not meeting
the basic standards, while Grammar and Vocabulary also presented significant issues for 43.33% of
students. The implemented strategies, which included the use of technological tools and the promotion
of collaborative practices, were key in improving linguistic competencies, especially in spelling and
grammar, showing a significant improvement in student performance in these areas.
Keywords: linguistic competencies, written communication, teaching strategies, spelling and
punctuation, digital technologies.
1. Introducción
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 101
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 102
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 103
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 104
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 105
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!
ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 106
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 107
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1.2. Marco Teórico
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 108
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 109
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 110
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Tabla 1
Resultados del diagnóstico en el desempeño
cognitivo en lectura y escritura
Nota: Datos de la prueba diagnóstica.
R,!(,M%,!5!/$<%$H,!$%!*$1$8:$2'!*$!%'1!$1(+*-,#($1!$#!&+,(/'!7,M-%-*,*$1!&%,.$1!*$!%,!&'8:$($#&-,!%-#?@;1(-&,!$#!
%,!&'8+#-&,&-=#!$1&/-(,P!"#!s?/,8C(-&,!>!.'&,M+%,/-'s0!%,!8-(,*!,%&,#I,!%,1!*$1(/$I,10!8-$#(/,1!9+$!:'&'1!%,1!
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CRITERIOS
No domina las destrezas
(0,00 – 6,99)
Alcanza las destrezas
(7,00 – 8,99)
Domina las destrezas
(9,00 – 10,00)
Gramática y Vocabulario
13
(43,33%)
15
(50,00%)
2
(6,67%)
Ortografía y puntuación
18
(60,00%)
12
(40,00%)
0
(0,00%)
Coherencia y Cohesión
10
(33,33%)
12
(40,00%)
8
(26,67%)
Producción escrita
15
(50,00%)
9
(30,00%)
6
(20,00%)
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 111
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!
ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 112
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Gráfico 1
Promedio de las competencias lingüísticas
en la comunicación escrita evaluadas
Nota: Datos de la prueba diagnóstica en estudiantes.
iiiii!
Gráfico 2
Comportamiento de las competencias
lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita
6,4
5,45
6,7 7,3
0
2
4
6
8
Gramática y
Vocabulario
Ortografía y
Puntuación
Coherencia y
Cohesión
Producción escrita
Promedio Actividades
!
ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 113
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 114
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!
ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 115
8$H'/,1!$#!%,1!&'8:$($#&-,1!(O&#-&,1!$#!?/,8C(-&,!>!'/('?/,<;,0!<'/(,%$&-8-$#('!*$!7,M-%-*,*$1!*$!'/?,#-I,&-=#!
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Tabla 2
Resultados del postest, que permiten demostrar la efectividad
de las estrategias utilizadas para resolver el problema.
Nota: Datos de la prueba postest.
!
R'1!/$1+%(,*'1!*$%!:/$($1(!>!:'1($1(!$.-*$#&-,#!$%!-8:,&('!:'1-(-.'!*$!%,1!$1(/,($?-,1!:$*,?=?-&,1!-8:%$8$#(,*,1!
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,($#&-=#!*-<$/$#&-,*,!$#!&-$/('1!,1:$&('1P!
Comparación Pretest y Postest
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%,!*'8-#,M,#P!"#!$%!:'1($1(0!1'%'!+#!54g!:$/8,#$&-=!$#!$%!#-.$%!s^'!*'8-#,!%,1!*$1(/$I,1s0!8-$#(/,1!9+$!+#!
64g!,%&,#I=!$%!*'8-#-'!:%$#'P!"1($!,.,#&$!1-?#-<-&,(-.'!*$8+$1(/,!9+$!%,1!$1(/,($?-,1!:$*,?=?-&,1!,:%-&,*,10!
CRITERIOS
No domina las destrezas
(0,00 – 6,99)
Alcanza las destrezas
(7,00 – 8,99)
Domina las destrezas
(9,00 – 10,00)
Gramática y Vocabulario
5
(16.67%)
18
(60.00%)
7
(23.33%)
Ortografía y puntuación
0
(0%)
20
(66.67%)
10
(33.33%)
Coherencia y Cohesión
3
(10%)
15
(50.00%)
12
(40%)
Producción escrita
3
(10%)
12
(40%)
15
(50%)
!
ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 116
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Comprobación de Hipótesis
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!
!
!
ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 117
Tabla 3
Resultados de la propuesta de intervención. Diferencias
entre pretest y postest en el sub-diseño preexperimental
Rangos
Grupo de estudio
N
Rango promedio
Suma de rangos
Comunicación
escrita pretest
Experimental
30
16,32
489,50
Total
30
Comunicación
escrita postest
Experimental
30
Total
30
36,13
1084,00
Nota: Resultados obtenidos ingresando la base de datos al programa SPSS.
R,!*-<$/$#&-,!$#(/$!$%!/,#?'!:/'8$*-'!*$%!?/+:'!$):$/-8$#(,%!D5r0d3E!>!$%!('(,%!Ddr05dE!:+$*$!$.-*$#&-,/!+#,!
8$H'/,! $#! $%! *$1$8:$2'! *$%! ?/+:'! $):$/-8$#(,%! (/,1! %,! -8:%$8$#(,&-=#! *$! $1(/,($?-,1P! F-! $1('1! .,%'/$1! 1$!
&'8:,/,#!+(-%-I,#*'!+#,!:/+$M,!$1(,*;1(-&,0!&'8'!%,!_!*$!L,##iZ7-(#$>0!1$!:+$*$!*$($/8-#,/!1-!%,!*-<$/$#&-,!
$1!$1(,*;1(-&,8$#($!1-?#-<-&,(-.,P!R,1!:/+$M,1!$1(,*;1(-&,1!#'!:,/,8O(/-&,10!&'8'!%,!_!*$!L,##iZ7-(#$>!D:,/,!
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*,('1!Dq$/#C#*$I!et. alP0!345UEP!
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1+:+$1('1!:,/,8O(/-&'1P!F-#!$8M,/?'0!*$M$!H+1(-<-&,/1$!1+!+1'!$#!$%!&'#($)('!*$%!*-1$2'!>!&'8:%$8$#(,/!&'#!
:/+$M,1!*$!1-?#-<-&,#&-,!$1(,*;1(-&,0!&'8'!%,!_!*$!L,##iZ7-(#$>!'!%,!:/+$M,!*$!Z-%&')'#0!:,/,!*$($/8-#,/!1-!%,1!
*-<$/$#&-,1!'M1$/.,*,1!1'#!1-?#-<-&,(-.,1!&'8'!1$!8+$1(/,!,!&'#(-#+,&-=#P!
Tabla 4
Valoración del estadístico de prueba
Estadísticos de prueba
Comunicación escrita
pretest
Comunicación escrita
postest
U de Mann-Whitney
285,000
24,500
W de Wilcoxon
736,000
485,500
Z
-2,505
-6,322
Sig. asintót. (bilateral)
,012
,000g
R,!(,M%,!c!8+$1(/,!%'1!/$1+%(,*'1!/$%,&-'#,*'1!&'#!%,!8$H'/,!*$!%,!&'8+#-&,&-=#!$1&/-(,!$#!$%!?/+:'!$):$/-8$#(,%0!
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!
ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 118
3. Discusión
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!
ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 119
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!
ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 120
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4. Conclusiones
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Referencias bibliográficas
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 121
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista Espacios – Vol. 46, Nº 01, Año 2025 • Ene-Feb!
MOREIRA, M.F. & MONTERO Y. «Competencias lingüísticas en la comunicación escrita de estudiantes de
Educación Básica Superior en Ecuador»
Pag. 122
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